Paradise Lost Essay Example for Free

Paradise Lost Essay Paradise Lost is divided into twelve books. In Book I Milton explains the theme of his work, man’s disobedience to God, his expulsion from Heaven and the story of the rebel angels sent to Hell. In Book II the angels meet in council to decide what they will do. In Book III God makes a speech on man’s freedom to choose between good and evil. In Book IV Satan observes the happiness of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. In Book V God sends Raphael to warn Adam. In Book VI the war in Heaven in described. Book VII and VIII tell the story of the creation of the Earth and the universe. In Book IX Satan persuades Adam and Eve to taste the forbidden fruit. In Book X God’s Son pronounces the sentence of expulsion. In the last two books Adam and Eve abandon paradise. Paradise Lost is an epic poem. Milton chose the epic genre because of the greatness of the subject. He follows the typical epic conventions in his masterpiece, such as the opening with the statement of the theme. This epic takes place in the universe, in Heaven, Hell and Eden. The main characters, God, Satan, Christ, Man and the fallen angels remind the warriors and heroes of the classical epic, even though they are more philosophical heroes. Milton knew the Copernican cosmology but he based the universe of Paradise Lost on the traditional Ptolemaic system because he thought that this conception was fixed in the minds of the people and it had limits within which it was easier for him to work. In Milton’s Heaven God created the Earth, fixed in the centre of the Universe, and he put his life and thoughts in the natural world so that the external reality reflects the divine soul. In Paradise Lost evil and good are opposed. However, Satan has many characteristics of the epic hero, courage, leadership, initiative. Milton has sympathy for his Satan because he himself was a rebel against the political and religious authority. Both Milton and Dante said that their works had divine inspiration but they had contrasting ideas about Satan’s physical appearance and meaning. Dante’s Satan becomes a means of punishment and it resembles a mythic monster, with wings and three heads. Milton’s Satan is a symbol of God’s justice and it takes several forms, first it is a fallen angel, then it has an inhuman form and finally he becomes a snake. The style of the poem is elevated, the poet used a new kind of magnificent blank-verse.

Bram Stokers Dracula Meets Hollywood Essay -- Film Films Movie Movies

Bram Stoker's Dracula Meets Hollywood For more than 100 years, Bram Stoker’s Victorian novel, Dracula, has remained one of the most successful and revered novels ever published. Since its release in 1897, no other literary publication has been the subject of cinematic reproduction as much as Dracula. Dracula has involuntarily become the most media friendly personality of the 20th century. When a novel, such as Dracula, is transformed into a cinematic version, the end product is usually mediocre and provides non-existing justice to the pain staking work endured by the author. Due to production costs and financial restrictions, the director and screenplay writer can never fully reproduce an entire literary work into a screen version. With the complications of time restriction in major motion pictures, a full-length novel is compacted into a two-hour film. This commonly leads to the interference in the sequence of events, alternation of plots and themes, and the elimination of important characters or events. But the one true adversary of novel-based films is Hollywood fabrication. Producers, directors, and playwrights add or eliminate events and characters that might or might not pertain to the storyline for the sake of visual appeal, therefore defacing the author’s work. The above explanations have not paralyzed the countless attempts made by directors to bring the legendary Dracula to the big screen. Some cinematic reproductions of the novel have been more successful and critically acclaimed than others. According to Stuart, â€Å" From 1897 to 1993 there have been at least 600 vampire movies. Dracula has been portrayed on film at least 130 times† (Stuart 217). But three versions of the genre have emerged as the most d... ...James Craig. Dracula in the Dark: The Dracula Film Adaptations. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. Skal, David J. The Monster Show: A Culture History of Horror. New York: W.W.Norton & Co., 1993. Silver, Alain, and James Ursini. The Vampire Film: From Nosferatu to Bram Stoker’s Dracula. New York: Limelight Editions, 1994. Tibbetts, John C., and James M. Welsh. Novels into Films: The Encyclopedia of Movie Adapted from Books. New York: Checkmark Books, 1999. Filmography Browning, T. (Director), & Fort, G. (Screenplay). (1931). Dracula [Motion Picture]. United States: Universal Studios Murnau, F.W. (Director). (1922). Nosferatu: Eine Symphonie des Grauens [Motion Picture] Germany: Prana Films Coppola, Francis F. (Director), & Hart, James V. (Screenplay). (1992). Bram Stoker’s Dracula [Motion Picture]. United States: Columbia Pictures

Paranormal Activity

Paranormal Activity: An Evaluation Movies are images of a certain character’s life; it depicts the character’s environment, the weather, and all the necessary ingredients that make up the movie that is being watched. There are many types of movies: comedy, drama, documentary, and sci-fi; but there is one type of genre of movie, that most people have the pleasure of watching. The scary movies; they are the best kind, they scare, yet the audience cannot turn away. Watching the movie Paranormal Activity, it really scared me.But the things that had grasped my attention were the actors, plot, scenes, sound, and cinematography. The actors were extremely well in portraying the part of a stricken girlfriend with a demon in her home with her caring boyfriend. They were very nice in screaming in all of the parts that were needed to be screamed at. But not only did it cause her, but also will cause the viewers to scream in terror and fear. Micah is this manly sort of man who feels that he can take care of the demon and his girlfriend.Katie becomes extremely annoyed by the antics of Micah and tries to find help in other ways. Another reason why I enjoyed the actors was because they made everything seem so real. They made the sleeping, the arguments, and the existence of demons real. You also see the change inMicah, he goes from unafraid, and not disturbed by her past, to a complete 360. He becomes fearful, and gets mad and try to take out the demon. All the scary movies start out the same way, everything is always normal, and something drastic happens, which makes the main character afraid of her surroundings.But in the movie, Paranormal Activity, it was always with her. It never seems to leave her alone. She was haunted by the ghost. In the end of the scary movie, nothing good ever comes out of it, something that is dramatic always plays out, in order to scare the viewers out. It is always assumed that the plot is bound to have a good twist because it is a f rightening movie, while waiting for the twist in the movie; it ended, and realized that there was no twist. It is the same old boring type of scary movie as previously seen before.It is a pretty straightforward movie, with no twist and no excitement, just a lot of scary faces. When the scene of a haunting movie takes place there is always that one scary building that has people talking about it, creating rumors, and scaring people. The only difference is that instead of a scary building it is a nice two bedroom apartment. Instead of the community creating rumors about the house, it is the girlfriend. The scenes of the movie could be established by the days of nights that they had stayed in the place.It was fairly nice as to the scenes could be distinguished from each other. It caused the viewer to establish a certain timeframe as to when and where the haunting is taking place. The scene is also great because in the woods or a big house all to youself, everyone knows what is bound to happen. The audience realizes the danger of the woods, or the mansion Yet this house is similar to your own house or one you have lived in for a while. No one really suspect any scary things to be happening in a place where you are surrounded by people in every direction.I also love the scenes because in the beginning there is no opening credit or the title of the movie, it seems like two normal happy couples with a small problem. It makes the movie really believable and scares you from even standing up in a dark room. One scene that made me think was when Micah was mad at his girlfriend for not telling him that she had a demon that came to her from time to time. It shows his concern for his safety, and his anger at her omitting some information from him.The sound in every scary movie is always the same, and so, it is true with this one as well. First the sound begins, getting you ready to be spooked, yet you let all the anticipation get hyped up, only for a door swinging back and forth. They keep on using the same sounds over and over again conditioning you, to get all scared for no particular reason. It was very well played in the sense that it had a warning bell in order for your attention. But the sound really does create a sense of urgency in you to close your eyes, run away or even take the disc out.The reoccurring sound shows that it is meant to be scary as with the night time style camera. Since the sound was played in almost every scene, it adds more horror to the film. But just when you get tired and bored of hearing the same noises over and over again each and every couple of night, you get taken aback. Shock takes over instead boredom and surprise instead tiredness. You start to rise back up into your seat, and get sucked in by what is happening, all because of the sound. The cinematography reeled me in from the start.The movie is not some guy who is a professional at handling cameras; it is the same guy that is the main character. It is done extr emely well also because it is not bumpy, nor shaky; it is held by a really steady hand. In the start you see the character and their change between Micah and Katie. They make it seem like a normal day with their normal life and nothing out of the ordinary. It is shown as a life just like you and me but at night is where the real fun begins. He puts the camera on a tripod and the night vision is turned on so we can see all that is going on.There was really good visuals on the nights, and the days, and also on the mundane activities that were going on like her making jewelry, or her talking to her friend. It sparked your interest because you wanted to know when the scary part was going to take place. Any scary movie can be scary if you throw in a demon or a ghost in the mix, but if you include all of the right mixture then you may truly scare any individuals. It may either be by the plot, scenes, actors, or even the cinematography. Overall, while the movie was a bit of a cheap thrille r, it made you flinch and your heat lurch and everyone needs a good thrill now and again.

How to Organize a Dorm Room

Given how ridiculously tiny the room might be, knowing how to organize a dorm room can be a challenge. So just what can you do to make the most of what space you do have? Dont have anything in the room that serves only one function. Sure, that plug-in grilled cheese maker seems cool, but it takes up a lot of space and can only do one thing. Make sure that every item in your room serves more than one function. For example, pick a speaker system for your iPhone that charges it at the same time. Use a throw on your bed that you can also take to football games when it gets cold outside. Youre paying a lot for that little room -- make sure your stuff is earning its keep, too! Think about the actual number of things youll really need at any time. Do you really need 20 highlighters? Or will 5 do? Let your campus bookstore be the one to keep things in stock; you can always run down there and get more of any supply (or borrow some from your roommate or friends down the hall). Split things with your roommate. Do you really need two printers? Two mini-fridges? Two MLA manuals? Of course, if sharing makes things get sticky, avoid this rule ... but, most likely, you and your roommate can make things work out by sharing some of the most important stuff. And you can save some sacred space (and cash) in the meantime. Avoid empty space. You probably have a duffel bag or suitcase for your trips home (or elsewhere). When you store them in your closet, dont store them empty. Put out-of-season clothes, big jackets, blankets, and anything else that will fit inside of them. Is there room under your bed? Buy storage boxes and cram in as much as you can. Youll still have your stuff accessible -- but no longer in the way. Aim for keeping things organized as often as you can. You may hear echoes of your mother in this rule, but its true: in a space that is especially small, keeping things organized will make the space seem larger. If youre pulling an all-nighter, getting everything off your desk except the stuff you need will help as your ability to focus starts to fade. If you like to read and study on your bed, being able to do so without having to fig ht for space with your laundry will make it easier -- on both your body and your brain.

Evolution, Natural Selection, Mutation, And Geologic Time

Many people think that evolution is a myth. What is your thought? I am going to tell you why it is actually not a myth. There are many reasons why evolution is true, but I am only going to use three of them. Natural selection, mutation, and geologic time. Natural selection; Darwin’s natural selection has by individuals better adapted to their environment with survival and reproductive success. (Than, 2005) Variation is an example of Natural Selection. Variation shows that the outcome of an organism changes. The outcome will be found by existing genetics and there will not be any invented characteristics. As a result of variation varieties that have long tails or shorter tails may appear in certain species’ gene pool. (____________). With that being said though that is not saying that variations can change a bird into a reptile. Heredity is another way natural selection plays a part in evolution. Heredity is the passing on a physical or mental characteristic genetically from one generation to another. Humans are an example of heredity, by children get genes from their parents. When you look at the genes from both your parents, they are not the same. Parents genes change over time, to show this look at a family with two k ids, they I’ll not have the exact same genes, because the kid s genes will have some of the different parental genes but some will be the same. Which is why the two kids can look similar. People that do not believe in evolution would use the argumentShow MoreRelatedEvolution And Evolution Of Evolution1514 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution is defined as a genetic change in population or species over generations. Evolution by natural selection is a very important concept in biology since it lays the foundation of evolutionary thought of how organisms have developed gradually over a long period of time. The ideas of evolution were not accepted until Charles Darwin published his book â€Å"On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection† in 1859. Before the evolutionary thought, people believed that all organisms were createdRead MoreEvolution Of A Evolutionary Theory1500 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution is descent with modification, a phrase Darwin used in proposing the at Earth’s many species are descendants of ancestral species that were different The power of evolution as a unifying theory is its ability to explain and connect a vast array of observations about the living world. Aristotle believed that life forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity. Each form of life, perfect and permanent, had its allotted space. Darwin argued that classification should be based onRead MoreEvolution And Evolution Of Evolution1328 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the theory of evolution? Many people who don’t understand science or Biology don’t know how to answer this question. â€Å"Evolution is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.† In our society today, there is many conflicts that exist between creationism which is the belief that a higher power created the Earth and made living things and the theory of evolution. Some people are debating whether to teach evolution in schools because theRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1620 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of evolution by natural selection through his book called ‘On the Origin of Species’. The book was released in 1859 and it explained the process of how organisms changed over time through the result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits. These changes allow an organism to adapt to the environment that it inhabits so that the organism’s chances of survival improve and produce more offspring (Than, 2015). However, biological evolution does not simply mean a change over time. It isRead MoreEvolution And Evolution Of Evolution1940 Words   |  8 PagesEvolution is the concept published by Charles Darwin that organisms change over time. Evolution transpires by natural selection, which is the process where an organism with beneficial traits, or fitness, produces more offspring than organisms with non-beneficial traits. Over time, this creates organism s that are more adapted to survive for whatever place they are living in, because nature passes on the variations of organisms that are most useful, and with the greatest chance of surviving. In orderRead MoreEvolution Is The Biological Ideal For The History Of Life On Earth814 Words   |  4 PagesHonors Biology Kohli December 14th, 2014 Evolution Evolution is the biological ideal for the history of life on Earth. (Evolution fact and theory). It is the process by which an organism becomes more refined over time and in response to its environment. Evolution is about how we evolved; how Neanderthals and cave men evolved into Homo sapiens much like what we are today. It’s about how creatures evolved over time, dinosaurs becoming extinct through natural selection and how sharks have been alive for overRead MoreNatural Beauty. Inherent Curiosity Remains As A Foundation1392 Words   |  6 PagesNatural Beauty Inherent curiosity remains as a foundation to human questioning of place among the cosmos. History itself is the factor of which the human populace must stand to learn from to return knowledge of the present environment. As such, history must be cross examined to its full potential to garner what is truth from falsehood. Upon such examinations, it remains clear that the evolutionary standpoint of the advancement of life on Earth presents itself as the ideal choice versus its opponentsRead MoreThe Emergence Of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria934 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution is a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form. Charles Darwin proposed a theory, now called the Theory of Evolution, stating that animals differentiated into species when the survivors of a changing environment were able to pass their genetic traits to their offspring. The theory of evolution is a scientific theory that can be tested by observations and ap plication of the scientific method. Support for the theory of evolution isRead MoreEvolution Of Evolution And Evolution2000 Words   |  8 Pages Title: Evolution Author: Annette Gonzalez December 9, 2014 Abstract: This paper will cover the topic of evolution of organisms. Evolution is the process of constant change from a lower, more simple to better, complex state (Merriam-Webster, 2014). In this essay, there are different philosophies that support the idea of evolution. For instance, there is anatomical, homology, natural selection evidence. This ideas will be explained in more detail in the body of the paperRead More Scientific Creationism Essays2492 Words   |  10 PagesSpecies where he proposed the theory of evolution for the first time. Since this radical theory was first proposed, there has been a debate over its validity and the theological implications that come with it. In order to understand the reasons why Darwins theory has caused so much debate over the past century it is first necessary to examine evolution and Darwins theories about the origin of species. Evolution is, strictly speaking, simply change over time. A biological definition is, more specifically

Fashion Promotion in 5 Years Essay - 1727 Words

What is the role of fashion promotion within the fashion industry, and how will it develop over the next 5 years? Fashion promotion is the glue that holds together everything fashion related. Its all very well having a great designer who can create stunning garments out of fabulous materials, but fashion promotion is what advertises those garments, and sells them, and puts them out there for the world to see. If there werent photographers and buyers and journalists and stylists (who are all a part fashion promotion) we wouldnt have ever seen a catwalk show, or brought a Fendi bag, or picked up a copy of VOGUE. If it wasnt for fashion promotion we could all be walking down the street in an oversized second†¦show more content†¦Along with the various different lighting effects Huene also invented his own lightening devices in order to create geometric shapes and patterns with shadows. His aim was to create the best possible lighting to represent the fashion garments on his models. Huenes photographs were dominated by illustration and were greatly influenced by sculpture. As we can see in figure 3 there is no movement; models were poised, almost static. In a general sense, Huenes style was the quint essence of early Thirties functional elegance (Ewing 1986:99) Figure 2 Figure 3 David Bailey is a fashion photographer renowned for his distinctive portrait style. Teamed with his muse Jean Shrimpton, Baileys approach to fashion photography attained him a place as a consummate professional of international standing (Harrison 1999:18). Although claimed to have turned Shrimpton into a sex icon...more urgently desirable (than) Bardot, Taylor or Monroe by Georgina Howell (Harrison 1999:21) Bailey discloses that he [only] ever tried to convey in fashion photography the spirit of a Cole Porter or a George Gershwin song hinting at a more romantic theme then what had initially been suspected. In 1979Show MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy For The New Marketing Opportunity Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pageshave an impact on the selected marketing mix e.g. economic conditions, the political or legal environment, etc? †¢ Competition: To compete in new market, company has to do marketing mix and determine market strategy for Price, Place, products and promotions. †¢ Economical factors: Is information that is necessary for determine marketing opportunity for future activities. Considering from the area and condition of the new market and also the behavior of the customer then distribution channel will beRead MoreCaroline Le Bon s Fashion Marketing Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesCaroline Le Bon’s Fashion Marketing and Harriet Posner’s Marketing Fashion, defines fashion marketing and its elements. Fashion marketing and advertising is the process of analyzing, developing and marketing current fashion trends to satisfy consumer needs. 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Retail Sales Index, Food Read MoreCharles and Keith Analysis1729 Words   |  7 PagesCONTENT PAGE Content | Page | 1. INTRODUCTION a) Background information b) Retailing Industry | 3 | 2. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION i. Market Segmentation ii. Marketing Strategies * Price, Promotion, Product, Place iii. SWOT analysis iv. Environmental scanning * Porter’s 5 competitive forces analysis | 4-6 | 3. REFLECTION | 6-7 | REFERENCES APPENDICES A. DBS Dialogues Tracks Charles Keiths Steps to Asia, Middle East and Europe B. Retail Sales Index, Food Read MoreMarketing Mix of Ecstasy1160 Words   |  5 Pagesleading fashion houses of Bangladesh, Ecstasy Fashion. This company is very famous for its superb quality men’s wear. Quality is the first priority of Ecstasy Fashion. From the begging to the end of this report, we have sort out how a company can be successful by performing 7ps marketing activity from the very beginning. 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Both the old and the young are relying on the internet for information due to increase in technology. Chanel is an established beauty, fashion and luxury company headquartered in France. The brand was founded by Coco Chanel who was famous for revolutionizing ladies’ fashion as well as introducing timeless elegance and style. The strength of the brand also lies in Karl Lagerfeld, a cult designer, who never fails to interest the management team and consumers

Legal Environment of Business Free Essays

[pic] B?BS Legal environment of business Home Assignment Seminar leader: Margit Racz Student name: Nurl?n S. Kurm?l?y?v Contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Environment of Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. The constitutional order of Hungary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. Legislation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2. Execution tasks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 3. Judicial power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 3. The constitutional order of the EU†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 1. Legislation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. Execution tasks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3. Judicial power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 4. Conclusions (similarities + differences)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 5. Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Introduction Aim Law is a system of rules usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people. The aim of this assignment is to review and make comparative analysis of the constitutional order of the Republic of Hungar y and European Union. Objective of this work: Give clear understanding about the constitutional order of Hungary and European Union †¢ Highlight differences and similarities †¢ Make a conclusion The constitutional order of Hungary Legislation Hungarian Parliament is unicameral, 386 –member highest organ of the state authority who ensures the constitutional order of society and determines orientation, organization and conditions of Government. Its members are elected for four-year term. The main tasks are initiation new laws, passing laws, electing public persons and approving budget. Only Parliament has exclusive right to pass the law. After passing the laws the Speaker of Parliament sign the law and send it to President of the Hungary. The President ensures promulgation of the law. Then the law must be promulgated in the Official Gazette. The main tasks and responsibilities: †¢ Passing the law †¢ Ensures the implementation of the laws †¢ Electing public persons (President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, the General Prosecutor, the members of the Constitutional Court, the President and Vice-Presidents of the State Audit Board, the President of the Supreme Court and the ombudsmen) †¢ Approving budget Concluding international agreements †¢ Ensures the elaboration of economical, cultural and social plans and control of their implementation †¢ Coordinates the work of national organs and ministries Execution tasks Execution tasks are managed by Government. And this authority divides into two: central and local level. The central authority – is central policy-making and its main executive bodies. The members of the government are Prime Minister and the ministers. Role of the Prime Minister is very igh he is responsible for all government policies including activities of other members of the government. As a mention above he elected by Parliament. Other members also responsible for their works and must report on their activities to the Parliament and Government itself. The main tasks and responsibilities: †¢ Initiating new laws †¢ Controlling and supervising the legal operation of local government in cooperation with the Minister of the Internal Affairs †¢ Ensure the implementation of the law Directing and coordinating the work of the ministries and other central offices placed under its direct supervision †¢ Formulating the social and economic policies, defining the state system of social welfare and health care services, and ensuring sufficient funds for such services †¢ Controlling the armed forces operations Judicial power Hungar ian justice is administered by the courts. Aims of these courts are to protect the rights and lawful interests of citizens, ensure constitutional order and punish the perpetrators of criminal offences. Legality of the decisions of public administration is also supervised by courts. Court system in the Republic of the Hungary divides into two: 1. Ordinary courts, 2. Special courts. The ordinary courts are organized on four levels: the Judgment Boards, the Court of the Capital and the county courts, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Hungary and the last but not the least is local courts. The constitutional order of European Union Legislation There are two bodies responsible for the legislative tasks in the EU. First one is The  Council of the European Union  (officially the  Council  and commonly referred to as the  Council of Ministers) is the principal ecision-making institution  of the  European Union. The Council is composed of twenty-seven  national ministers. The primary purpose of the Council is to act as one of the two chambers of the  EU’s legislative branch. The Council is the main law-making body of the EU (on the initiative of the Commission and in co-decision with the European Parliament). The Council is based in Brussels, but meets at fixed intervals in Luxembourg. Second body responsible for legislative task is European Parliament. The  European Parliament  is the  directly elected  parliamentary  institution of the  European Union. Its essential function is to express the will of the Union’s citizen in the Community decision-making process hand-in-hand with the Council, representing the interests of the Member States. Together with the Council of the European Union, it forms the  bicameral  legislative branch of the EU  and has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament is composed of 736 Member of the European Parliament. It has been directly elected every five years by  universal suffrage. Also the Parliament shares budgetary powers with the Council. It is situated in Strasbourg. The main tasks and responsibilities: The Council †¢ Adopts the annual European Union budged with the European Parliament †¢ Determines European Commissions internal and external policy †¢ Coordinating actions and policies of the Member States †¢ Represents EU in relations with states and international organizations and signs international treaties on behalf of the EC The Parliament †¢ Enacts the EU legislation †¢ Adopts the EU budget (with the Council) †¢ Shares final decision on most proposals with Council (co-decision procedure) †¢ Approval of international agreements Political control and supervision of the Commission †¢ Political control of the Council in external relations by giving assent to all international treaties signed by the Council on behalf of the EC Execution tasks Execution tasks of the  European Union are handling by the  European Commission. The Commission is independent of national governments. Main purpose is to re present and uphold the interests of the Union in general. The Commission is responsible for implementing the decisions of Parliament and the Council. In two words Commission managing the general day-to-day running of the Union like implementing its policies, running its economical, cultural and social plans, spending its funds and so long. The Commission operates as a  cabinet government, with 27  Commissioners (one per state). The Commissioners and their immediate teams are based in  Brussels. The main tasks and responsibilities: †¢ Propose legislation to European Parliament and European Council †¢ Implements European policies and programs †¢ Executes the European budget †¢ Oversees policies of the MS Enforce European law (jointly with the Court of Justice) †¢ Administrate external affairs Judicial power The  European Court of Justice is the  highest court  in the European Union in matters of  European Union law. Its main purpose is to make sure that European legislation is interpreted and applied in the same way in all European countries, so that the law is equal for everyone. The European Court of Justice was established in 1952 and is based in  Luxembourg. The ECJ comprises one judge from each Member State, nominated by national governments and appointed by the common accord of the governments of the Member States. The judges select one member to be the President for three years. The main tasks and responsibilities: †¢ In cooperation with the national courts unifying interpretation of European law through â€Å"Preliminary ruling procedure† †¢ Adjudicates actions filed against European institution or Member State †¢ Adjudicates legal disputes between the European employees and European institutions Conclusions (similarities + differences) The comparison of Hungarian and European legislative bodies shows that in Hungary only one legislative authority (the Parliament) and in European Union two (the Council and the Parliament). However their tasks and responsibilities are almost same, with some specific aspects. In Hungarian Parliament all members are elected by citizens, while in European Union only Parliaments members are elected by citizens of Member States. Further I want to consider differences and similarities of the executive power of Hungary and European Union. Main difference is their competences, in Hungary Government executes the law while European Commission only supervising this process. But overall Government of Hungary and European Commission execute almost the same government tasks (approving the budget, implementing policies and programs and so long). Judicial power of the Hungary aimed to protect the rights and lawful interests of citizens, ensure constitutional order and punish the perpetrators of criminal offences. This court divides into ordinary court and special court. And European Court of Justices is tasked with interpreting European Union law and ensuring its equal application across all  European member states. It is composed of one judge per member state currently 27. In conclusion I want to say that differences in structure and organization of legislation, execution and judicial power are coming from the point that Hungary as a single country must organize such processes only for themselves, taking into account only their interests. And European Union must organize those processes for whole Union; taking into account interests of all Member States. E. g. Law making process in European Union is complicated. Because it must involves the interests of the member states in the Council and the Parliament, with the interests of the Commission. This is a reason why the constitutional order of the European Union is bigger and more complicated. Reference 1. Nigel Foster (2008) EU Law Directions. OUP Oxford Press. 2. Philip Norton (2003) â€Å"National parliaments and the European Union†, Managerial Law, vol. 45, issue 5/6, page 5-25 The Constitution of the Republic of Hungary [online]. [Accessed 9th April 2010]. Available from World Wide Web: 3. Summaries of EU legislation [online]. [Accessed 10th April 2010]. Available from World Wide Web: 4. The European Union [online]. [Accessed 10th April 2010]. Available from World Wide Web: ; http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/European_Union ; How to cite Legal Environment of Business, Papers